Balsam Fir
Balsam Fir
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Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea): An important small to medium conifer that grows from Newfoundland to Labrador west through Quebec and Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta then south from Minnesota and Iowa east to New England. It is very cold hardy to < - 40 o F. It grows on a wide range of soils and prefers abundant moisture. It grows to a height of at least 60 feet but can reach 90. The root system of this fir is confined to the upper few inches of the soil so windthrow is a high potential, however on deep soils the roots will penetrate to 30 inches. |
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The lateral roots are strongly developed and extend horizontally 5 feet or more. It is classified as strongly shade tolerant. The most important products from balsam fir wood are pulpwood and lumber. The wood is light and soft and its primary use is in light-frame construction. Balsam fir provides good shelter for large ungulates, small mammals and birds. It would potentially be a good candidate for shelterbelts but lack of moisture is limiting. Mean annual precipitation in its primary range is 30-43 inches (U.S. Forest Service Silvics Manual). |
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